As a family physician in Phoenix, AZ, I frequently discuss melanoma with my patients. Understanding this form of skin cancer and how to prevent it is crucial for everyone’s health. Let’s start with some statistics. The lifetime risk of developing melanoma varies by ethnicity: approximately 2.6% for Caucasians, 0.6% for Hispanics, and 0.1% for African Americans. While melanoma accounts for only about 1% of skin cancer cases, it’s responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. It’s also worth noting that melanoma incidence has been on the rise in recent decades.
Prevention is key. I always recommend:
1. Minimizing UV exposure by seeking shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.
2. Wearing protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses.
3. Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, reapplying every 2 hours or after swimming. I personally prefer mineral based sunscreens using zinc or titanium oxide.
4. Avoiding tanning beds entirely.
Early detection is equally important. When melanoma is diagnosed at a localized stage, the 5-year survival rate is 99%, compared to 30% for advanced cases. I consistently encourage my patients to perform regular self-examinations and seek prompt medical attention for any suspicious skin changes. To aid in early detection, I teach my patients the ABCDE rule for examining moles:
A – Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other.
B – Border: Irregular, jagged, or scalloped edges.
C – Color variation: Several different colors or tones within the mole.
D– Diameter: >6mm.
E – Evolution: changes noted in the mole over time. Be sure to alert your physician to any moles that have 1 or more of these characteristics.
The frequency of routine skin exams can vary depending on individual risk factors. For average-risk patients, an annual full-body skin examination by a trained healthcare provider is generally recommended. However, for patients with higher risk factors, such as a personal or family history of skin cancer, multiple atypical moles, or a history of extensive sun exposure, more frequent examinations may be advised, potentially every 3-6 months. It’s important to note that these professional exams should be complemented by regular self-examinations at home. I typically advise patients to perform a thorough self-check of their skin monthly, looking for any new or changing moles or lesions. Any concerning changes should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider, regardless of when the next scheduled exam is due. Remember, these are general guidelines, and the optimal frequency of skin exams should be determined on an individual basis through discussion between the patient and their healthcare provider.
For more information or to schedule your annual skin exam, call Norterra Family Medicine us at 623-565-5060.
